刺梨花粉形态观察

STUDIES ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF Rosa roxburghii AND Rosa sterilis

对刺梨２个种和３个变型的花粉形态进行光镜与扫描电镜的观察，探讨了刺梨演化、亲缘关系和无籽刺梨的不育机理。结果表明，普通刺梨为刺梨中较进化类型，与其变型间的花粉形态特征基本一致，亲缘关系较近，而种间差异较大；无籽刺梨花粉畸形、空瘪，属败育型花粉。

Rosa roxburghii is one of 3 newly exploited fruit resources. Its fruit containplentiful of Vitamines,in which the amounts of Vc is 5～22 time higher than that in Actinidia chinensis,therefore it is named 'King of Vc'.Recently it is found that the amounts of enzyme SOD in its fruits is 60 times as high as that in apple and its fruits can be used in production of food,beverage and medicine.The present paper deals with the pollen morphology,evolution and relationships of R.roxburghii and its 3 cultivars (R. roxburghii Trait. f.roxburghii;R. roxburghii Trait. f.candida S. D. Shi;R. roxburghii Trait. f. inermis S.D.Shi )as well as R. sterilis S.D.Shi underlight and scanning electronic microscopes. The results are shown in the Table 1 and Plates 1,2. R. roxburghii might be more advanced than R. sterilis by possessing conspicuous striatesculpture and puncta many and large.The relationships among R. roxburghii and its 3 cultivars are very close according to the similarity of their pollen morphology i.e. pollen: globular or prolate, aperture:tricolporate, extine striate sculpture, punctate. R. sterilis possessesthe aberrant pollens,which might be the reason of sterility of the species.