昆明小鼠遗传特性形成过程探讨

Probing into the Course of Formation of Genetic Character of KM Mouse

采用同工酶电泳法、微量细胞毒法及形态分析法，测定了４０只昆明（ＫＭ）小鼠、３０只云南小家鼠（Ｍｕｓｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓｃａｓｔａｎｅｕｓ）的遗传特性，并与西欧小家鼠（Ｍｕｓｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ）进行了比较。结果显示：ＫＭ小鼠与Ｍ．ｍ．ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ的颧骨板形态相吻合，两者的遗传概貌基本一致。ＫＭ小鼠和云南小家鼠虽均含有Ｍ．ｍ．ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ所没有的Ｔｈｙ－１、Ｅｓ－２ｃ基因型，但ＫＭ小鼠与Ｍ．ｍ．ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ的遗传距离较近，为０．２６３１，与云南小家鼠的遗传距离较远，为０．６１６５。作者据此推测，ＫＭ小鼠起源于西欧Ｍ．ｍ．ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ，其原种被引入我国云南省后，与Ｍ．ｍ．ｃａｓｔａｎｅｕｓ发生过父源性遗传污染，有少量遗传物质侵入该群体。

hrough isoenzyme electrophoresis, microcytotoxity test and morphological analysis, the genetic characters and morphological feature of 40 KM mice and 30 wild mice (Mus musculus castaneus) from Yunnan province of China were investigated,and compared with the wild mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from western Europe.The results indicated: KM mouse was similar to M. m. domesticus in genetic profile.Both were identical in the shape of the zygomatic plate. Though KM mouse and Yunnan wild mouse contain Thy-1 and Es-2c which were lacking in M. m. domesticus, the genetic distance between KM mouse and M. m. domesticus was 0.2631.while it was 0.6165 between KM mouse and Yunnan wild mouse.The results suggested that KM mouse was originated from western Europe wild mouse (M. m. domesticus) and was genetically contaminated by M. m. castaneus after introduced into Yunnan province.