中国的城市化及其发展趋势

URNANIZATION IN CHINA AND THE TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

中国的城市化有３个特点：（１）不匀速，城市数目和城市人口长期增长缓慢，近十年来急剧加快；（２）中小城市发展快，而大城市和特大城市增长慢。（３）特大城市和大城市主要集中于东部沿海地区。中国城市化引起的生态问题有：环境污染、供水紧张、地面沉降等。新中国成立以来，虽然政府采取了多种措施。改善城市环境，也收到了一定效果，但目前在从计划经济向市场经济转变的过渡期间，城市化高速发展，城市生态问题仍然十分严重。迫切需要进一步加强城、乡规划，严格环保立法，制止城市生态状况的进一步恶化。

he urbanization in China is characterized by 1)developing at an uneven rate with aslowincrease in number of cities and urban population for a long period of time and an extremelyrapid growth for the last the years. 2) medium-sized cities and small cities growing at a veryrapid rate while the metropolis and megalopolis growing at a relatively slow rate,3)metropo-lis and megaloplis being concentrated in the eastern part of national territory along coast.The ecological problems resulted from urbanization in China include:environmental pllu-tion,shortage of water supply,land surface subsidence etc. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China a lot of measures have been taken to improve the urban environment,during the current transitional period from planned economy to market economy,urbaniza-tion proceeds at a high speed,and the urban ecological problems remains various and severe.It is urgent to further enhance the urban and country planning,as well as rigorously enforc-ing environmental legislation.