人红细胞膜血型糖蛋白的研究进展

The Advances in Red Blood Cell GlycophorinsResearch.

血型糖蛋白（ＧＰ）是红细胞膜中主要含唾液酸的跨膜蛋白，有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ四种。ＧＰＡ是ＭＮ血型糖蛋白，ＧＰＢ表达Ｓｓ、Ｕ血型，ＧＰＣ、ＧＰＤ则是Ｇｅｒｂｉｃｈ抗原，四种血型糖蛋白的结构有不同程度的同源性，尤以同类间的同源性程度最高，ＧＰＡ在防止红细胞之间、红细胞与血管内皮细胞之间的相互作用有重要功能，并在配体诱导下影响红细胞膜的物理性质。ＧＰＣ是维持红细胞正常形状、正常物理性质的重要因子。ＧＰＡ和ＧＰＣ的功能还分别与带３蛋白、带４．１蛋白有关。

lycophorin(GP or sialoglycophorin)-A,B.Cand D constitute a group of red blood cell(RBC) transmembrane proteins.GPA carriedthe M-and N-blood group antigens. GPB rep-resents the Ss,and U antigens.GPC and GPDexhibit the Gerbich receptors. Some homolo-gious peptide sequences exist in four of theGPs,but extensive similarities are within GPAand GPB family,GPC and GPD family as well.Because of its abundant sialic acid content.GPA plays a critical role in preventing andminimizing interactions of RBC to RBC, and ofRBC to other cells in circulation. Binding of aligand specific for GPA induces profoundchanges in membrane material behavior.GPChas a important role in regulating RBC shape.membrane deformability and membrane ma-chinical stability.The functions of GPA andGPC are associated with band 3 and 4.1 pro-teins respectively.