香菇杂交26号菌株选育的研究

Studies on Selection of Lentinus edodes “Hybrid 26”

本研究采用种质标记法,以可出菇的交配基因型为遗传标记,以胞外酶种类,对底物专一性及酶活为生化标记,通过对糖苷酶的筛选进行育种。香杂26号是带有种质标记的新菌株,遗传标记:A_(14)B_(13)×A_1B_2,生化标记:内源纤维素酶酶活:45mm及外源纤维二糖酶酶活:45mm。香杂26号与亲本No.8.No.40酯酶同工酶谱比较,除同源酶带外分别出现了互补型酶带谱,显示出强优势组合的新菌株。生物学特性表明,香杂26温度适应范围广(10～30℃),菌丝生长期短(60天),生物效率高(室内栽培:118.44%比对照No.40增产62.8%,生产中试:90.98%),子实体中型匀称,柄细而短,伞厚,含水量低。用交配基因型做遗传标记可将杂交组合控制在可出菇范围。

The germplasm markers was adopted in the study with fruiting mating genotypes used as genetic markers and activities of various extracellular enzymes and their specificity for substrates as biochemical markers in the screening of gluco.sidase for L. edodes breeding. 'Hybrid 26' was a new strain bearing A14B13×A1B2 as genetic markers, endo-cellulase activity 45 and exo-ceilobiase activity 45 ('Congo-red' assay) as biochemical markers. Esterase isozyme electrophoresis showed that 'Hybrid 26' possessed esterase isozyme zymograms common to parental strains. In addition, there were also complementary bands among them, this indicated that 'Hybrid 26' was a new strain from dominant cross combinations. 'Hybrid 26' had a wide adaptation range of temperature (10-30℃), short mycelial growing cycle (60 days), high biological efficiency (118.44%) which was 62.8% higher than that of strain No.40. The biological efficiency was 90.98% in pilot production. It produced good quality mushrooms with medium and uniform size, short stipes, thick flesh and low moisture content. And genetic control of fruiting can be achieved in cross combinations using mating genotype as genetic markers.