新疆伊犁地区疟疾调查和防治研究

EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY AND CONTROL OF MALARIA IN YILI DISTRICT, XINJIANG

伊犁地区是新疆的主要疟区,根据海拔、气温和历年调查资料分析,伊犁地区可分为无疟区、非恒定性疟区和恒定性疟区三类。以间日疟为主,存在间日疟原虫长短二种潜伏期。在伊犁河下游还存在恶性疟和三日疟原虫感染。发现米赛按蚊(A.mcsseae)、赫坎按蚊 (A.hyrcanus) 和带棒按蚊(A.claviger)三种传疟按蚊。进行了媒介按蚊孳生地、季节消长、嗜血习性、栖息习性等调查。确定米赛按蚊为主要传疟媒介。根据米赛按蚊内栖习性,观察了室内二二三滞留喷洒对抗疟灭蚊的实效。提出了采取根治现患和春季抗复发治疗以最大限度地减少传染源;在发病率高的地方同时使用室内滞留喷洒以减少米赛按蚊数量及与人的接触机会。在现场抗疟工作中使用上述措施取得了明显效果。

Yili District was one of the main malaria regions in Xinjiang. It could be divided, according to the temperature, elevation and epidemic conditions, into 3 types of areas-the non-malaria area, the unstable and stable malaria areas. The main plasmodium was P. vivax, including the long and short prepatent period strains and, there were also P. faciparum and P. malariae in the lower reaches of the Yili River. Anopheles messeae, A. hyrcanus and A. claviger were found and their breeding sites, seasonal variations, blood sucking and perching characters were investigated. A. messeae was found to be the main vector of the disease. Based on the indoor perching habit of A. messeae and the effect of DDT on malaria control by indoor detained spray, measures were taken to cure patients and prevent relapse in springs. In areas with high incidence, DDT was sprayed indoors in order to maximally diminish infective sourses, the efforts were crowned with great success.