野生雄性成年小家鼠行为

BEHAVIOURS AMONG ADULT FELLOW GROUP MEMBERS OF WILD HOUSE MICE

本实验以在英格兰捕获的野生小家鼠（Ｍｕｓｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ）的雄性后代为材料，研究同父异母断乳鼠组和无亲缘关系断乳鼠组在鼠成年后，鼠组成员在自由活动条件下的社会行为，以及独居和亲缘关系对其行为的影响。主要结论如下：１．成年优势鼠和成年从属鼠除打斗行为有显著差别外，优势鼠的嗅底物、社会探究、尿标记等行为也显著地高于从属鼠。从属鼠接触从属鼠显著地多于优势鼠。２．在一小时观察期内，打斗行为和社会探究逐渐减少，而和睦相处行为逐渐增加。社会行为主要发生在现在初期（０—１０分钟）。３．基于非打斗行为，尤其是社会探究和接触行为，通过判别分析，可能辩别出社会等级不清楚的成年雄鼠组中谁是优势鼠，谁是从属鼠。４．独居２３小时后，社会行为中，打斗行为和社会探究均明显上升。但优势鼠的多数行为基本保持原有水平，独居主要是使从属鼠的多数行为发生了改变，并且以针对另一从属鼠为主。５．有、无亲缘关系组的个体共同生活很长一段时间后，亲缘关系依然对小家鼠行为有深刻的影响，有亲缘关系组的社会稳定性、容忍性强于无亲缘关系组。

The first or second male generation of wild house mice(Mus musculus domesticus)caught in England were tested the characteristics of adult male and the effects of isolation or kin-ship.The main conclusions were as followings:(1)Sniffing substrate,social investigation and urine marking of dominant male were significantly higher than that of subordinate. The subordinate preferred to touch other subordinate rather than the dominant male.(2)The first 10 minutes of 1-hour observation was the most important for observing the behaviour.(3)On the basis of non-agonistic behaviour, especially social investigation and touching,it was probable to discriminate the dominant male in the male group whose hierarchy was un-clear by discriminant analysis.(4)The isolation mainly caused the subordinate to change its behaviours, particularly the behaviour towards other subordinate,due to the increasing ag-gression of himself.(5)Kinship still existed even both unrelated or related group members lived for a long time. The function of kinship on behaviour of male mice might be to increase himself social status among unrelated group members or to avoid injuring his related group members.