新疆包虫病流行病学基线的调查研究——Ⅱ.家犬和绵羊中细粒棘球绦虫感染

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC BASELINE OF HYDATID DISEASE IN XINJIANG, CHINA II. ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS INFECTION IN DOGS AND SHEEP

在新疆十二个代表性地区于进行人群血清学调查的同时,用剖检法调查家犬细粒棘球绦虫成虫感染率,用屠宰场调查法检查绵羊细粒棘球蚴感染水平。调查结果表明,在新疆各地的家犬和绵羊中都有细粒棘球绦虫的感染存在。 家犬成虫感染率以西部和中部天山牧区为最高(巴音布鲁克71.43％;特克斯69.57％)。塔里木盆地荒漠农业区最低(巴楚10.60％;且未6.90％)。 绵羊包虫病亦以天山牧区最高(80％以上),塔里木盆地绿洲和荒漠农业区最低(喀什市14.1％;巴楚12.18％;且未3.25％)。绵羊患病率随年龄的增长而上升,最高可达90％以上。南疆的喀什、和田地区绵羊患病率低而家犬成虫感染率高,可能是由于牛的包虫病患病率高造成的。在包囊发生部位上,天山牧区西、北天山区域以肝包虫占主要地位,肺包虫比例最低。中部天山区域肺包虫比例略有上升。南天山牧区肺包虫的比例较高。而塔里木南缘与东昆仑山和阿尔金山有牧业连系的且未县,绵羊肺包羊竟占85.71％。作者认为对脏器的趋性不同可能反映了不同虫株的生物学特征。讨论了流行程度的划分问题。建议应以人群血清学调查结果为主,结合家犬和绵羊的感染水平进行划分为宜。提出了划分不同程度地方性流行区的参考标准。

A survey on the infection rates of Echinococcus granulosus adult worm in dogs and prevalence of echinococcosis in sheep was taken simultanously with the seroepidem-iological investigation of hydatid disease in human populations in 12 areas in Xinjiang.The dogs were examined by autopsy and the sheep infection were detected in abattoirs. Results showed that Echinoccus granulosus infection in dogs and sheep existed in the whole region of Xinjiang. The adult worm infection rate in dogs was highest in the areas of western and middle Tianshan Mountains (69.57% in Tekes and 71.43% in Bainbluk) and was lowest in the semidesert agricultural areas of Tarimo Basin(10.6% in Bachu and 6.9% in Qiemo) The prevalence of echinococcosis in sheep was highest in the pastorial areas of the Tianshan Mountains (over 80%)and was lowest in the semidesert and oases agricultural zones around Tarimo Basin (14.1% in Keshker; 12.18% in Bachu and 3.25% in Qiemo) .The prevalence rate in sheep increased with age, and the highest may be over 90%. In Keshker and Hotien areas in southern Xinjiang, the hydatid infection in sheep was low while the proportion of dogs infected was high. It was probably due to that the percentage of cattle suffered from echinococcosis was high in these areas. In the terrytory of north-western Tianshan Mountains, the location of cy- sts in sheep was predominantly on the liver, whereas, the proportion of cysts in lung increased slightly in the areas of middle Tianshan Mountains and relatively higher in southern Tianshan area. But in Qiemo County of south-western Tarimo the infectio nrate of the lung was 85.71%. The authors considered that the viscerotro-pic differences of parasites may reflect the biological characteristics of different strains. Therefore a further study on the parasites in intermediate hosts other than sheep such as cattle and goat was needed. A reference standard on the defination of endemic area was recommanded