分离有机物水溶液的渗透汽化与汽化渗透膜

HIGH PERFORMANCE PERVAPORATION AND EVAPOMEATION MEMBRANES FOR SEPARATION OF ORGANIC AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

该文基于４５篇最新文献，较详细地论述了渗透汽化膜与汽化渗透膜的有机物水溶液分离性能及其影响因素，包括高聚物特征，料液浓度、温度、下游侧压力，膜厚度和操作时间，指出用多数高聚物膜进行渗透汽化操作可以有效地分离多数有机醇、酮、酸、酯、酰胺以及二烷、乙腈、，吡啶、二甲亚砜和四氢呋喃水溶液；而以壳聚糖及其衍生物膜进行汽化渗透操作则具有更高的分离系数。该文还简要介绍了渗透汽化膜的新应用。为渗透汽化与汽化渗透膜材料选择开发和分离操作条件的设定提供了理论依据。

A review with 45 references on the effect of POlymer feature, feed solution, membrane thickness, temperature, downstream pressure and operating time on the separations of organic aqueous solutions through pervaporation and evapomeation membranes is presented. A number of polymer membranes are found to be highly effective for the separations of aqueous alcohol, acid, ketone, ester,amide and dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide,tetrahydrofuran, and sulfolane solutions by per vaporation. The evapomeation method is found to be better than the pervaporation method for the separation factors of aqueous alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions through chitosan and its derivativesmembrunes,New application of the pervaporation membranes also briefly introduced. A theoretical basis for the selection and development of pervaporation and evapomeation membranes is offered.