人工复合三倍体鲤卵的受精生物学研究

STUDIES ON THE FERTILIZATION BIOLOGY OF AN ARTIFICIAL MULTIPLE TRIPLOID CARP

本文对人工复合三倍体鲤成熟卵的受精生物学进行了研究。结果表明，三倍体卵外壳具有凸凹不平的表面，与正常二倍体卵比较有明显差异。受精生物学观察发现有些卵为多精受精，进入卵的所有精子都能形成雄性原核，排出一个极体，但绝大部分受精卵在发育期间分裂不齐、畸形、直至死亡，只有具有三套完整染色体的卵子的雌核才能发育成为三倍体个体。三倍体鲤的成熟分裂不是完全的均等分裂，有些不等分裂的卵母胞核中只有两套染色体，或一套染色体，甚至是一套半染色体。

The external morphology of mature eggs of the artificial multiple triploid capo was observed to be differen t from that of normal diploid carp,with bumps and holes found on the egg surfaee of the triploid.Some of the fertilized eggs of the artificial multiple tripliod carp were polysperiny,and all spennatozoa which penetrated into the egg were transformed into male pronucleus and then a single polar body was extruded from each spenn penetrated egg. The number of chromosomes was examined when embryos developed into the peri-od of blastula。Haploid(n=50),diploid(2n=100),triplold(3n= 150)embryos and em-bryonic cells with 75 chromosomes were found.However,most embryos were deformed,underwent irregular divisions and died finally at the hatching stage while all viable offsprings of gynogenesis remained triploid。