贵州南、北盘江流域土壤侵蚀现状及防治对策

Soil Erosion and lts Preventive Strategies in South-Pan River and North-Pan River of Guizhou Province

该文以ＴＭ卫星影像为基础，将森林资源连续清查体系系统抽样的地面信息套合在卫星影像上，结合地学资料，应用定性与定量分析、综合分析与主导因素分析等解译方法，进行土壤侵蚀现状和潜在危险程度调查。编制了１：２０万贵州南、北盘江流域土壤侵蚀现状图。调查结果表明：贵州南、北盘江流域土壤侵蚀面积１４７１５．０６８ｋｍ￣２，平均侵蚀模数２５４２．２ｔ／（ｋｍ￣２·ａ），流失区侵蚀模数４９７１．６ｔ／（ｋｍ￣２·ａ）；土壤侵蚀潜在危险程度面积１５４４２．２ｋｍ￣２，其中毁坏型占流域总面积１２．９３％。贵州南、北盘江流域土壤侵蚀是我国南方最严重的地区之一。根据流域严重的土壤侵蚀问题，极为贫困的社会经济现状提出的防治对策是：（１）加强农田基本建设，逐步实施坡改梯；（２）搞好退耕还林还草，实现土地资源合理利用；（３）严禁破坏植被，搞好珠江防护林体系工程建设；（４）开发智力和依靠科技进步提高劳动者素质。

The paper dealt with the investigations of soil erosion and the potential risk on base ofthe TM satellite image,combined the ground information of the forest source and the geology datadetermining the nuture,quantity,comprehensively analysis and mainly factors etc.method,thendrew up the soil erosion map with 1:200 000 scale.The investigations showed:In South-pan riverand North-pan river of Guizhou,the soil erosion area is 14 715.068km￣2 in which the destructiontypes of the risk made up 12.93%,the average erosion intensity is 2 542.2t/(km￣2.a)and the lossregions is 4 971.6t/(km￣2.a),the area of soil erosion potential risk is 15 442.2km￣2.Soil erosion ofGuizhou South-pan river and North-pan river watershed is one of the most serious regions in southof China.On base of the serious soil erosion’s problem and very poor society-economic situations topropose preventive strategies are:(1)To strengthen farmland basic construction and change slopland into terrace;(2)To stop farming renew the trees or grass on steep slop,and use the landsource rationaly;(3)To forbid damaging vegetations and do well the protecting forest system ofZhujiang river;(4)To develop intelligence and depend on science,then improve the local peasant’squality.