华北地区上空水汽输送与其源地

Water Vapur Transport over the North China and Its Source

根据华北地区自然边界基本走向，用不规则六边形为其模拟边界，计算了１９８１－１９８６年通过各边界的水汽量。得出该区历年均有一定数量的气态水蓄留于空中，此即空中气态水对地表水资源可能最大总补给量，年平均＋２３９０．９７亿ｍ￣３；此水量是该区多年平均水资源总量（１６２４亿ｍ￣３）的１．４７倍；若均匀铺至地面，可构成２７６ｍｍ深的水层。夏季（６－８月）既是该区水汽入流量最大时节，也是该区水汽输出的最大时期。暖季（４－１０月），为该区上空水汽蓄留（输入量＞输出量）季节；寒季（１１～次年３月）则是水汽外流（输入量＜输出量）时期。根据各水汽源地与该区相对位置，给出了水汽经由各边界入流的天气形势。该区历年向黄海水域净输送水汽，平均年总量为１２３５５．１４亿ｍ￣３。

The amouts of water vapour across each boundary of an irregular hexagon simulated with thenatural border of the North China have computed for the period of 1981-1986.The results show that a definitestore of gaseous water is always held up over the region every year,Which result in the probable maximum annualtotal supply of the gaseous water from the atmosphere for the surface water resources in the region.the mean an-nual value amounts to+2390.97 ×10￣8m￣3,which is 1.47 times that of the region”s water resourees(1624 ×10￣8m￣3).If the gaseous water is spreaded on the surface uniformly,there will be a water layer of 276mm.Summer is the pe-riod with maximum amount of both import and export of water vapour.Warm season(April to October) is theperiod when water vapour(inflow exceeds outflow)is stored in the region,while the cold season(November toMarch)is the period when water vapour is exported(outflow exceeds inflow).This paper gives varioussynoptic situation of inflow of water vapour through each boundary into the region based on the relative locationthe water vapour source and the region. As it is unexpected,there is a net export of water vapour from the regioninto the Yellow Sea Area with mean annual value as high as 12355.14×10￣8m￣3,and into the humid region of thesouth China in cold season with mean seasonal value high up to 1669.63 ×10￣8m￣3.