论甜菜的覆膜栽培技术

The Technique of Sugarbeet Ground—covered with Plastic

本文深入讨论了甜菜覆膜栽培技术。主要内容包括、1.需膜量计算及膜宽选择:亩用膜量(kg)=666.7×塑料膜宽厚度(mm)×塑膜比重×覆膜指数。塑膜厚度分为0.007、0.008和O.12毫米等规格。塑膜比重一般为0.915g/cm^3覆膜指数=(塑膜面积)/(田间覆膜栽培面积)。甜菜覆膜栽培以选用膜幅宽45厘米为宜。2.适宜播种期的确定:覆膜甜菜的播期可较当地直播甜菜的正常播期提早3—4天。3.播种及覆膜方式:采用先播种后覆膜的播种方式(播种后立即覆膜)。穴播,土壤含水量需达到18—20%左右,否则,应引墒播种。4.覆膜方法:覆膜地块的垄高与垄宽之比应为1:5。虚膜后保持地膜与种穴表面之间有3厘米左右的空间,以避免出苗时子叶直接触及地膜。5.开孔放苗问题:播种、覆膜后,大约10天左右即可出苗,幼苗距地膜1.0厘米时,应开孔放苗。6.追肥:在10叶期应进行行间追肥。7.揭膜:约在甜菜出苗后50—60天时揭膜。哈尔滨地区大约5月20日揭膜。甜菜揭膜时的形态指标为:株高40厘米左右,单株20片叶左右,根体最大直径4厘米左右。8.揭膜后管理:揭膜后,进行中耕除草,及时防治甜菜褐斑病和生育中后期的甘兰夜盗。

The technique of Sugarbeet cultivation ground—covered with plasties is disussed in detail. It inclouds. 1. calculating the amount of demanded plasties and choosing the width. of plasties The demanded plasties per mu (kg) =666.7×the thickness of plastic film (mm) × the specific gravity of plastic film× index. The thickness of plastic film is 0.007mm, 0.008mm and 0.012mm. The specific gravity of plastic film is about 0.915g/cm^3. And plastics covering index = the area with plasties covering/total field area. In general, in sugarbeet cultivation the width of plastic film should be 45cm。 2. the determination of reasonable sowing date The sugarbeet sowing date for cultivation ground—covered with plasties could be 3 — 4 days in advance of normal sowing date. 3. the method of sowing Covering plastic film immidiatly after sowing with bunch seeding.the soil moisture content should be about 18—20%, otherwise irrigation is necessary. 4. tbe method of covering In the field, the heigh/the width of rodge should be 1:5. After covering, the distance between the film and ground surface should be 3 cm in order to keep the film from the leaf after emerging。 5. the method of poking a hole in the film After sow ing, it is about 10 days the seeds will be emerging. When the distance between the seedling and the film is about 1.0cm,It should be do that poking a hole in the film. 6. fertilizing During 10 leaf stage, fertilizing should be carried out in the interval row。 7. uncovering the film In general,uncovering time is about 50—60 days after emerging. It about Jun. 20th in Harbin. At uncovering time,the standard morph for sugarbeet plant is 40cm with 20 pieces of leaves and about 4 cm in diameter of root 8. the manegement after uncovering film After uncovering, the cultivating and weeding should be done, and some diseases should be control in time.