新疆三工河流域气候暖湿化特征分析

Analysis on the Climate Change Towards Warming-wetting Trend in the Sangong River Watershed, Xinjiang

对三工河流域近 4 0a中山区、近山区、近沙漠区的气温、降水、蒸发资料进行月线性趋势分析 ,得出流域增温主要在 2月和 9月。 2月增温趋势大于 9月。流域春夏季气温多年变化较为稳定。降水增湿在 1,2月和夏秋季节 ,夏秋季节降水增湿趋势大于冬季。整个流域夏季蒸发呈减小趋势 ,平原区蒸发减小趋势大于中山区。夏季降水增大与蒸发减小有较好的反相关性。流域冬季气候增温增湿显著 ,夏季增湿作用显著。各地暖湿化在空间和时间上有所差异 ,中山区相对较弱 ,平原区较强 。

The Sangong River Watershed is located in the north slope of the Bogda Peak (5 445 m a.s.l.) and the southern marginal zone of the Junggar Basin in the eastern part of middle section of the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains. There are 3 streams including the Sangong River, Sigong River and Shuimo River in the watershed. The annual runoff volume in the watershed is 9.22×107 m3. In this paper, the linear trends of air temperature, precipitation and evaporation in 3 regions, i.e., the mid-mountain zone, plains near mountain and plains near deserts with the different elevations in the Sangong River Watershed since recent 40 years, are analyzed. The results show that, in the Sangong River Watershed, the temperature increase occurs mainly in February and September, especially in February; the precipitation increase occurs mainly in January, February, summer and autumn, especially in summer and autumn; the evaporation in summer is in a reducing trend, especially in plains. There is no correlation between the temperature increase and precipitation increase in winter; but there is a good converse correlation between the precipitation increase and the evaporation reduction in summer. The warming-wetting trend is not so obvious in the mid-mountain forest zone but is significant in the plains.