论安全学科的内涵与本科教育课程体系建设

Discussions on the Connotation of the Safety Science Discipline and Curriculum Construction for Undergraduates

安全学科的内涵是该学科本科教学课程体系建设的基础。学科内涵包括学科研究对象、研究目的、学科属性、研究方法、研究范围、研究内容、基本概念和基本公理。就安全学科来说 ,其研究对象可以简单地认为是损失程度范围非常宽广的事故 ,研究目的当然就是预防事故和控制事故损失 ;由于事故的发生既有社会、人文方面的原因 ,也有自然方面的原因 ,所以安全学科的研究方法就不可能是单一的 ,学科的属性也就具有人文、社会、自然等多重性。由于社会组织最有可能控制事故发生的原因 ,所以安全学科的研究范围一定是一个大到国家、地区 ,小到企业的社会组织 ,组织之内预防事故和控制事故损失的各种方法构成了安全学科的研究内容。该学科有危险源、风险、事故、安全和危险 5个基本概念 ,也可以识别出至少 4条基本公理。以上述学科内涵为理论基础 ,可以构建出近年来作为讨论焦点的安全学科本科教学课程体系。

The connotation of safety science is the foundation of curriculum construction for undergraduates, which consists of the objective, goal, attributes, methodology, scope, core issues, basic concepts and principles of the subject. The objective of the subject could be simply concluded as accidents, and the goal is to prevent all kinds of accidents and control the loss caused by accidents. However, accidents might be caused by either natural or social factors, the methodology used would certainly not be unilateral. Scientific principles, which form the attributes of the subject, would also be multi-lateral. Causation of accident is strongly dominated by social organizations, so various organizations would be involved as big as a state to a small enterprise. Measures for preventing accidents and controlling losses become the contents of safety science. There are 5 basic concepts, i.e. risk sources, risk, accident, safety and danger, from which four principles could be recognized. Taking the above-mentioned connotation as the theoretical basis, the curriculum system of safety science for undergraduates, which has become the discussion focus among colleagues, could be appropriately constructed.