梁祝的嬗变与文化的传播

Change of Liangzhu and Cultural Transmission

梳理和分析梁祝传说的流传历史和现状,是研究文化传播规律的一个典型案例。一个产生于农耕文明中、流传达两千五百年以上、几至中国人家喻户晓的民间爱情悲剧传说,由于农耕文明条件的逐渐丧失而日见萎缩。近 50年来,相继上演了川剧《柳荫记》、越剧《梁祝》、电影《梁山伯与祝英台》、小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》等,而在新改编的戏曲中,以主流意识形态为主导,创造了避婚求学、草桥结拜、十八相送、祭坟化蝶等情节模式。戏曲、电影给民间传说的生存带来了深刻的影响:一方面,使梁祝传说的情节固定化了,原来在农民中流传的多种多样的传说,自觉不自觉地向戏曲故事和电影故事靠拢,单一化、模式化了,原生态的传说的面貌逐渐变形;另一方面,使民间的梁祝传说失去了传播和传承的市场和渠道,在民众的记忆中逐渐淡化,甚至渐而萎缩。

Analysis of Langzhu follklore is a typical case of studying cultural transmission order.The folkore of Liangzhu which is withering gradually is a household legend for more than 2500 years.Recently,different art forms of Liangzhu,such as drama and movie,exert great influence on its existence.On the one hand,its plot has been fized.On the other hand,it begins to wither because of lack of transmission market and channel.