中小学生近视及影响因素调查

Investigation on Myopia of Primary and Middle School Students and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解中小学生近视眼的发病率,分析近视形成的相关因素。方法通过定期体检及发调查表的形式,调查我街道办所管辖2所中学(初中部),24所小学,2003、2004年所有在校学生的近视发病率,对视力低下的学生与正常视力的学生采用分层抽样法,将影响视力的因素作为调查对象。结果2003年中小学学生近视率分别为60.02%和15.14%;2004年中小学学生近视率分别为56.42%和22.45%。近视眼学生与视力正常学生在学习时间、持续学习时间、看电视及电脑操作、缺乏体育活动及睡眠少等因素比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论长时间持续近距离作业、缺乏体育运动、睡眠不足是引起青少年近视的主要原因。减轻学生的学习负担、增强体育运动是预防中、小学生近视的关键。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of myopia of primary and middle school students and to analyze the factors correlated with myopia.METHODS We investigated the incidene of myopia,by the methods of regular physical examinations and questionnaires,of the student enrollment of 2 middle schools (junior high department)and 24 primary schools governed by our subdistrict office,both in 2003 and 2004.Stratified Sampling Method was introduced into the stuednts with poor or normal eyesight,to investigate the influencing factors in poor eyesight.RESULTS In 2003 the incidences of myopia of the stuednts,in the primary and middle schools,are 60.02% and 15.14% respectively;in 2004 56.42% and 22.45% respectively.A significant difference (P<0.001),between the students with myopia and with normal eyesight,was found in learning time,unceasing learning time,watching TV and computer operation,lack of physical activities and insufficient sleep.CONCLUSIONS The major factors in adolescent myopia include long short-distnce unceasing work,lack of physical activities and insufficient sleep.It should be the key,to prevention form myopia of primary and middle school students,to lessen students burden of learning and make them take an active part in physical sports.