关于我国离婚损害赔偿制度的若干思考

On the Divorce Indemnity System in China

我国现行婚姻法规定的离婚损害赔偿实为离因损害赔偿,该离婚损害赔偿请求权乃侵权行为法之权利。作为一种侵权民事责任,我国的离婚损害赔偿责任的构成应当具备违法行为、损害事实、因果关系与主观过错四个要件。能够导致离婚损害赔偿责任的离婚原因行为的立法规定应当采取列举性规定与概括性规定相结合的体例。离婚损害赔偿请求权的义务主体既包括过错配偶方,也应当包括明知对方有配偶而与之结婚的第三人。离婚损害赔偿请求权为一种实体权利,既适用于诉讼离婚,也应当适用于登记离婚。

The divorce indemnity is stipulated by current marriage law in China to be indemnity on the basis of divorce injury and its claim right that of law of torts. As a tort civil liability, its liability in China consists of four requirements: offence, the deed of injury, causal relation and subjective fault. Its reason deed is stipulated to be the combination of specialization and generalization ones. The compulsory subject of its right of claim involves the fault spouse and the third party who, knowing the truth, still marries the fault spouse. The claim right of divorce injury is a substantive right suitable for litigation divorce and registry divorce.