文艺意识形态本性论研究检视

Perspective on the Study of Essentiality of Literary Ideology

新时期以来,一些研究者对文艺意识形态本性论的质疑与批评推进了相关问题的研究进程。文艺意识形态本性论在论争中恢复了主导地位,并在意识形态等基本概念的界定、文艺与意识形态的关系、文艺的意识形态性与非意识形态性的辩证关系、文艺的审美意识形态性等方面进行了卓有成效的探讨。审美意识形态论对文艺的本质作了系统深入的探究,较好地解决了文艺的意识形态性与审美性的冲突,有助于我们正确认识形式与内容、情感与理智、表现与再现、人性与阶级性等矛盾关系,但意识形态性与审美性的融合等问题还有待深入探讨。

In the early years of the New Period, along with the constant improvement of the social and political environment, the contestations among the exponents in the academic circles became lively; the viewpoint that (″literature) is a special ideology″ was also hotly debated. In the beginning of 1988, Luan Changda and Dong Xuewen began to query about the essentiality of ideology, and brought a severe concussion to the concept of essentiality of literary ideology which was considered as the standard till that time, that triggered the contestation concerning the relationship between ideology and literature among the academic circles, which lasted for several years. The question whether the literature's true nature consists in ideology became the core proposition of the contestation. The essentiality of ideology recovered its predominant position in the contestation, and the scholars had sufficient and fruitful discussions on the definition of the basic concept of the ideology, the relationship between the literature and ideology, the dialectical relationship between the essentiality of literary ideology and the non-literary ideology, and the aesthetical ideology of literature etc. The fundamental premise of the deep probing into in the literary ideology is to understand correctly the original idea of the classic writers of Marxism and to clarify the ideology and its related concepts. As Lu Meilin said that too narrow or too broad interpretation of the connotation of the ideology is one of the main reasons that caused the disorder in the field of literature theories, and he pointed out that ideology is a concept about the whole organism of composing factors. Many scholars, such as Zhang Shouying, Bian Pingshu, and Li Sixiao, are interested in the composing factors of ideology. While they focused on the analysis of the concept of ideology, scholars like Feng Yi and Huang Lizhi adhered to the essentiality of ideology and launched the in-depth discussion on the relationship between the main role of literature and the nature of ideology. In the 1980s, scholars including Qian Zhongwen, Tong Qingbing and Wang Yuanxiang, deliberated on the aesthetical ideology and the aesthetical theory of reflection. In the field of the aesthetical ideology, they made a systematic and in-depth investigation on the nature of literature, successfully resolved the conflict between the literary ideology and the aesthetical consciousness, and opened a new window for us to understand the correlative contradictions between the form and the contents, the emotion and the reason, expression and representation, humanity and the class nature. Although there is a limitation in its failure to explain efficiently how to achieve the harmony between aesthetical consciousness and the ideological factors of literature, the aesthetical ideology transcended the bondage of pure epistemology, and fitted a dialectical link between the literary ideology and the aesthetical factors, and in this way enriched and developed the Marxist viewpoint on the nature of literature. In conclusion, when we affirm that the innate nature of literature consists in the ideology, we must know that literature also contains some non-ideological factors, and in order to prevent the tendency of simplicity and philistinism in the field of literary studies and to cognize the scientific literary phenomena, it is very important to penetrate into these non-ideological factors.