对外汉语偏误分析二十年研究回顾

A Summary Report on the Development of Error Analysis in TCFL in the Past Twenty Years

最近20年对外汉语偏误分析所表现出的特点是:在研究类型上先后可划分为理论引证、事实分析和创新总结3个阶段;对学生背景的考虑以及语料的搜集分析越来越细致;对表达偏误的研究多于也细于对理解偏误的分析;在偏误原因的解释上,对偏误语言的研究多于对内在认知心理策略的探讨;纠正表达偏误和理解偏误的教学策略一般较为具体.与此同时,该项研究还表现了从引证理论到具体分析、从宏观到微观、从静态到动态、从描写到认知的发展趋势.本文指出应该从理论性、实践性、动态性和整体性上加强对偏误分析的研究.

This paper summarizes five features of the development of error analysiswithin the past twenty years in China. First, it can be divided into three phases, theory introduction, fact analysis and innovative development. Second, the consideration of the students' background and data collection and analysis are more in detail. Third, the study on expression error is more than the analysis of comprehension error. Fourth, the study on language itself is more than the exploration of the individual cognition. Last, the related teaching strategy is usually specific. It is concluded that the development trend is from theory introduction to fact analysis, from macro-study to micro-study, from static analysis to dynamic analysis, and from description to cognitive explanation. We should strengthen our study on error analysis theoretically, practically, dynamically, and comprehensively.