世界遗产地西递、宏村经营管理体制探索(上)

Exploring Operation and Management of World Heritage Xidi and Hongcun

世界遗产地西递、宏村代表着两种不同的经营管理模式:西递是村办旅游公司,收入按照人口和房屋两种形式分配,家族化管理,经营不规范;宏村是租赁给外来企业经营,市场化运作,标准化管理,但忽视了村民的合法权益,政府、企业和村民矛盾尖锐,遗产保护形势严峻。在经营机制上,股份合作制保留了这两种模式的优点,克服了缺点,又不是这两种模式的简单相加,而是按照现代企业制度运营,它在股权设置、收益分配、民主管理各方面都有严格的规定。而在管理上,各级人民政府要理顺关系,各负其责。

World heritage Xidi and Hongcun represent two different patterns of operation and management: Xidi is run by the village company itself and managed by the family organization nonstandardly, and the income is distributed according to population and buildings. Hongcun is rented to the outside enterprise and managed standardly according to the market, but the villagers’ rights and interests are neglected. So the conflict between the enterprise and villagers is intensive. This results in the heritage protection problem. In the authors’ opinion, in the aspect of operation mechanism, the stock-cooperation does not mean putting above two systems together simply but keeps advantages of both systems without their disadvantages. It has strict rules on stock setting, interests distribution and democratic management. In the aspect of management system, it is necessary for each level government to be responsible for improving legal system in protecting the heritage.