对国外河流健康问题的初步认识

Brief Review of Healthy River Issues in Foreign Countries

人类在开发利用流域水资源的过程中,由于保护不够或滥加利用,一些河流出现污染、断流等现象,影响了河流的自然和社会功能,失去了河流的自身价值,危及河流的健康生命。河流健康生命问题本质上是由于经济快速发展的需要,过度开发和轻视保护水资源所造成的,因此一些发达国家较早地关注河流健康的问题。澳大利亚的新南威尔士州成立了“健康河流委员会”。针对国外在河流健康方面所涉及的基本概念、衡量标准、评价方法、保护措施等进行了综合归纳,并搜集了一些维护河流健康的个例。

In history of water resources development in river basin, neglect of protection or over-exploitation can bring about negative phenomena in the river such as water pollution and stop-flow etc., hampering river natural and social functions and influencing the river health. the essence of river heacth is the rapid economy deThe problems of rvelopment and over-exploitation water resources iver health have been highlighted in the past decades in developed countries. The paper briefly reviews some aspects of river health, such as basic concept, evaluation method and protection measures in foreign countries. Case studies in foreign countries are also introduced.