雍正朝宫中钟表的来源与使用

The origin and usage of clocks in the Qing Court under Yongzheng's reign

雍正时期是中国钟表发展史上的一个重要阶段。在雍正帝的著作中保留了许多反映他本人时间观念的诗文，他对钟表既现实又浪漫的看法影响着宫中钟表的收藏和制作。通过外交使团向皇帝赠送礼品、地方官员进献、抄家罚没等途径，钟表在雍正朝不断进入宫廷，在一定程度上成为两国之间、君臣之间联络的重要媒介。与此相联系，这一时期钟表在宫中大量使用，普遍陈设于宫殿、出行时乘坐的车轿之内，甚至作为贵重物品赏赐给官员。雍正时期钟表深入到了宫廷生活的诸多方面，无疑会促进中外钟表贸易的繁荣以及制钟技术的改进和创新。

Yongzheng period in Qing Dynasty may be regarded as an mportant stage in the history of ancient Chinese timepieces.Yongzheng's realisitic and romantic views on timepieces not only made a strong impact on the clock-making at that time,but also had a great influence on the in-clination for collection of clocks in the imperial palace.At that time,diplomatic gifts,local tributes and confiscation formed the main channels for clocks to enter the Qing court.The clocks from China and Europe had come into wide use in the imperial court and were on display in halls and palaces.Sometimes the clocks were also given to the high-ranking officials as a reward.As necessities of life in the imperial palace,the clocks cer-tainly promoted the prosperity of clock-trade between China and foreign countries and improved new thchnology in clock making in that period.