大豆保护性施氮的研究Ⅰ．氢醌在大豆保护性施氮中的效应

STUDIES PROTECTIVE NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN SOYBEAN:I.EFFECT OF HYDROQUINONE APPLICATION

本文主要研究在施用尿素条件下，配加氢醌（ＨＱ）来延缓尿素的集中水解，以减少氨挥发并抑制其硝化作用，从而有效地缓解尿素对大豆共生固氮体系产生的严重抑制效应。结果表明，在一定的浓度范围内，氢醌对纯培养大豆根瘤菌生长。幼苗生长和初生结瘤无不利影响；对离体活性根瘤的呼吸活性和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性具有显著促进。在盆栽或田间条件下，尿素配加ＨＱ施用，同无ＨＱ等量尿素比较，显著提高了大豆结瘤量和单株固氮总活性（ＴＮＡ）；提高了大豆木质部中酰脲含量及其相对丰度，协调了大豆对根瘤氮和土壤（肥料）氮需求的矛盾，从而获得了显著的增产效果。

nder the condition of urea fertilization,the hydroquinone(HQ),as a ureaseinhibitor,was applied to postpond the hydrolysis of urea for decreasing the volatili-zation of ammonia and restraining its nitrification. As a protective measure of ureafertilization,HQ was very effective in alleviating the inhibition effect of ureafertilizer on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation Svstem of sovbean.HQ was found to have no unfavourable effect on the growing of the pure-cultured soybean rhizobia,the growing of the seedings of soybean and primaryforming of the nodules at an applied levels of HQ.Furthermore,the respiratoryactivity of isolated-cultured active root nodule and the activitv of succinic dehvdr-ogenase were promoted remarkably. Under pot and field conditions,fertilizingurea with HQ,compared with check(no HQ),could notablv raise the nodulequantity and increase the totaI nitrogen fixation activity of single plant andenhance the content and relative abundance of ureide nitrogen in plant hadromestomeof soybean.Therefore, fertilizing urea with HQ could improve the development ofthe soybean symbiotic nitrosen fixation system and coordinate the supply of thenitrogen sourced from nodule or soil(fertilizer)needed by soybean.Thereby, therich nitrogen could be provided for synthesizing protein of seed.For this reason,fertilizing urea with HQ could increase soybean yield very remarkably.