土　壤　生　物　工　程──土壤学与分子生物学的交叉学科

SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY ──CROSS DISIPLINE OF SOIL SCIENCE AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

土壤生物工程学是土壤学与分子生物学、遗传工程学相互结合交叉的分支学科，是土壤科学新的生长点之一。它以土壤学的研究成果为基础，利用分子生物学的理论和转基因工程为手段，企图从改造植物本身来解决土壤的问题。土壤生物工程学的主要研究内容为从分子水平上来研究土壤植物营养和土壤微生物过程及植物对土壤逆境的生理生化反应，揭示其分子机制、基因控制，创造出预定目标的转基因植物。因此主要包括土壤植物营养生物工程、土壤微生物生物工程及土壤资源生物工程三个方面。本文简要介绍了这些领域的进展，讨论了今后的发展。

Soil biotechnology,as a result of combination of soil science with molecularbiology and genetical engineering,is one of the new research areas and growth poi-nts of soil science,Based on the research fruits of soil science,this cross disciplineuses the theories of molecular biology and the techniques of genetical engineeringto study molecular mechanisms and genetical control of plant mineral nutrition,plantresistance to adverse soil conditions and soil microbiological processes,with theaim of creating genetically manipulated plants to solve such problems as low effici-ency of plant nutrition and poor productivities of soils due to infertility,salinity,acidity, the pollution and toxicity of alulnium and other heavy metals,etc. Also,some achievements in thesi,fields are briefly introduced and the future developmentis discussed in this paper.