皮亚杰“儿童自我中心主义”概念评析

Comment on Piaget's Concept of Children's Egocentricism

在皮亚杰的发生认识论学说中,“儿童自我中心”概念具有非常重要的意义。“儿童自我中心主义”表现在两个方面,即理智的自我中心和社会的自我中心。同时也表现在儿童心理发展的两个不同阶段,即感知-运动阶段和前运算阶段。皮亚杰指出:话动缺乏协调、主客体没有分化是心理上的自我中心状态的根源。儿童理智上的和社会的自我中心都是随着动作的逐渐协调而消逝的。如果仅从个体心理的基础来看,皮亚杰对儿童自我中心状态的根源的分析,以及他所指出的去除自我中心的途径,是基本正确的。但从社会心理机制的角度看,则存在一些明显的局限:明显的认知中心论,混淆了主客体关系与主体间关系,忽略了符号功能与摆脱社会的自我中心状态的内在联系。

Children's egocentricism is a very important concept in Piaget' s Genetic Epistemology. Children egocentricism is embodied in two aspects: intellective egocentricism and social egocentricism; It is also embodied in two stages of children's psychology development: sensorimotor stage and pre-operation stage. According to Piaget's point, lack of coordination in actions and mix-up between: subject and object are the sources of psychological egocentricism. Children's intellective and social egocentricism will disappear along with the coordination in actions. On the basis of individual psychology, Piaget's analysis of the sources of children egocentricism, and the way of de-egocentricity he mentioned are correct in the main; but there are some defects as viewed from the psychosociological mechanism. These defects are obvious epistemological centralism, confusion of inter-subject relation and subject-object relation, and neglect of the inner link between semiotic function and removing social egocentricism.