城市道路交通流的宏观特性及规律分析

Analysis of Macro-characteristics in Urban Traffic Flow Data

城市交通流信息中包括大量可用于改善交通运行状况的规律 .本文以交通流微观信息特性和规律为基础对交通流信息的宏观特性和规律进行了分析和研究 ,从宏观层提出了由交通结构、交通流流量、流速和密度构成的四元流体结构 ,探讨了交通流四元流体结构的随机性和不确定性 ,分析了四元流体结构的周期相似特性和区域关联特性 .作者结合北京地区具体交通数据 ,对交通流四元流体结构的周期相似性和区域关联性进行了实证分析 .结果表明 :我国许多城市的交通流经常处于超饱和状态 ,交通流不畅、梗阻现象时有发生 ,但从全局来看交通流体仍呈现有序性 ;同时 ,交通流四元流体结构具有周期相似性和区域关联性 ,宏观上是可控和可预测的 .

There is large amount of information involved in urban traffic flow data, which may be used for the improvement of traffic operations. Based on micro-characteristics of traffic flows, the paper analyzes the macro-characteristic and principles involved in urban traffic flow data. A quaternion hydro-structure of traffic structure, flow, speed and density has been advanced which may be applied to explore the characteristics such as randomicity, similarity and zone-related principles. Case studies have been done upon the practical data of Beijing. The results show that though often in super-saturation state and embarrassed by traffic jams, the traffic operations in many big cities have been well-regulated. The quaternion-based analysis shows there are periodically similarity and zonal relevancy in traffic flows, thus leading controllable and predictable characteristics at macro-level.