盾叶薯蓣四倍体诱导的研究

Inducement of tetraploid Dioscorea zingiberensis

目的 选育盾叶薯蓣Dioscoreazingiberensis新种质资源,以期为高产、高皂苷元含量薯蓣育种打下基础。方法 以刚露出绿色芽点的盾叶薯蓣愈伤组织块为材料,采用两种方法处理:①愈伤组织块浸泡到秋水仙素水溶液中。②培养基中添加秋水仙素。结果 成功获得了染色体数加倍的薯蓣新材料,其中以1×103mg/L秋水仙素水溶液浸泡24 h效果最好,诱导率达到35.2%,四倍体植株与二倍体亲本相比,二者在外观形态、生理指标、显微结构上有明显区别。结论 四倍体植株体型大、具生长优势,离体条件下利用愈伤组织块诱导多倍体是盾叶薯蓣倍性育种的一条有效途径。

Objective To create new tetraploid resource of Dioscorea zingiberensis in the hope of potential breeding materials with high yield and high level of diosgenin. Methods Callus with tiny green buds were directly soaked in colchicine solution or cultured in medium plus with colchicine to prohibit the isolation of chromosomes and induce tetraploid mutants. Results Tetraploids were achieved successfully. The most efficient treatment for inducing tetraploid was soaking the tiny buds in 1×103 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 h, the inducing rate could be up to 35. 2%. The induced tetraploids exhibited notable difference with common wild type (diploids) in morphology, physiology, and microscopic structure. ConclusionThe tetraploid plants show the advantages of gigantic size and vigorous growth. Thus, the established technique system to induce tetraploid from tissue cultured callus would provide an efficient alternative pathway for medicinal plants of Dioscorea L. breeding.