1952—2003年我国区域经济发展不均衡的长期变化态势

The Long-term Trends of Regional Economic Inequalitiesin China, 1952-2003

文中分别利用Gini、GE等指数,以实际人均国内生产总值(GDP)为指标,详细考查了从1952～2003年,我国省市区间经济发展不均衡的变化态势及其在东部-内陆、南方-北方、高城镇化-低城镇化地区等方向上的变化.人均实际GDP的Gini、GE等指数显示,从1952～2003年,我国省级区域经济发展不均衡的总体态势是以较缓慢的速度逐步增加.具体的变化是,随着时间的推移区域经济不均衡呈周期性地上升、下降运动.就我国省市区经济发展不均衡在空间上的变化而言,一是在沿海-内陆和高城镇化-低城镇化方向上,分别在1990s中期和1980s中期以前,我国省市区经济不均衡主要表现为区域内部不均衡,但区域之间不均衡则不断增加,并逐步成为省市区经济不均衡主要部分;一是,在北方-南方方向上,我国省市区经济不均衡则是一直表现为区域内部不均衡,区域之间不均衡对省市区经济不均衡的贡献一直显得微不足道.

Based on a long and consistent data set of regional real per capita GDP, in this paper employing the Gini Coefficient (or Gini index) and Generalized Entropy Measurement (GE) we scrutinize the regional economic inequalities and their changing trends, and the inter-regional and intra-regional inequalities in Coastal-Inland, North-South and highly-less urbanized region dimensions in China during the period 1952-2003. And our study results display specific views on China's macro regional economic patterns during the period. The overall long tendency of inter-provincial economic inequalities in China increased slowly, and rose and fell cyclically over time during the period 1952-2003; Through decomposing the inter-provincial economic inequalities, on one hand, we find that in the Coastal-Inland dimension during 1952-1993 the inter-provincial economic inequalities were made up of intra -regional inequalities between Coastal-Inland regions, but during the period 1993-2003 the inter-provincial economic inequalities were mainly composed of the inter-regional inequalities between Coastal-Inland re-gions; in the same time, in the highly-less urbanized regions dimension, the inter-provincial e-conomic inequalities were also made up of intra-regional inequalities between highly-less urbanized regions during 1952-1986, but during the period from 1986 to 2003 the inter-provincial economic inequalities were composed of the inter-regional inequalities between highly-less urbanized regions. On the other hand, although the inter-inequalities between Coastal-Inland regions and highly-less urbanized regions were smaller than those of the corresponding intra-in-equalities in numerical magnitude during the periods 1952-1993, 1952-1986, respectively, the inter-inequalities between coastal-inland regions, and highly-less urbanized regions tended to increase much faster than the intra-disparities, and transcended the intra-inequalities and became the main parts of inter-provincial economic inequalities after 1993 and 1986, respectively. Whereas, in the North-South region dimension, the inter-provincial economic inequalities were always composed of intra-regional economic inequalities between North-South regions, and the inter-regional economic inequalities between North-South regions were too small to contribute to the inter-provincial economic inequalities during the whole period 1952-2003.