GAP分析:保护生物多样性的地理学方法

GAP Analysis: A Geographic Approach to Protect Biological Diversity

GAP分析1988年由Burley首次提出并被Scott在夏威夷项目中首次应用。GAP分析(保护生物多样性的地理学方法)是快速概观生物多样性几种要素的分布和保护状态的一种方法。它集中在生物有机体更高层,基于生境保护和多物种保护的双重目的,已被证明是保护大尺度生物多样性行之有效的方法之一。目前GAP分析主要集中于陆地脊索动物门的研究,而对水生生境和其它动物门研究较少,同时对生物多样性的过程研究不足。本文在对GAP分析的内涵、产生、研究现状综述的基础上,分析GAP分析的优缺点和发展趋势,并对我国GAP分析进行研究。由于中国的GAP计划尚未进行,现阶段中国的GAP分析应首先集中在一些生物多样性典型地区或针对一些濒危和稀有物种进行研究,然后推广到其它地区或普通物种。

The term 'GAP analysis' was first used by Burley in 1988 and put into practical application in Scott's famous Hawaii project that identified the 'gap' between bird distributions and conservation areas. GAP Analysis (a Geographic Approach to Protect Biological Diversity) provides a quick overview of the distribution and conservation status of several components of biodiversity. It focuses on higher levels of biological organization and conserves habitat and single species. GAP analysis is proved to be one of the good methods for conserving biodiversity on large scale. It focuses on terrestrial craniota and lacks a focus on aquatic biodiversity and other phylums in present. The research on biodiversity process is insufficient. This article analyzes the advantage, disadvantage and development trend of GAP analysis on the base of its definition and advancement. At last the research direction of GAP analysis in China is discussed. Because China doesn't begin GAP plan, GAP analysis should focus on representative regions of biodiversity or some endangered and rare species at present, and then put the technology and methods into other regions and common species in future.