国外旅游水环境影响研究进展

Review of Oversea Studies on Tourism Impact of Water Environment

随着旅游业的不断发展,对水环境的影响日益凸现,水环境问题已成为全球旅游可持续发展的主要制约因素之一。文章综揽了国外关于旅游水环境研究的大量相关文献,从研究方法与研究区域、旅游与水质、水量环境相互影响及旅游水环境管理与实施结果等方面对国外旅游水环境研究进展进行系统综述,并从中得出一些对学术界和实业界旅游水环境研究与保护的启示。我国旅游水环境问题与管理也提上日程,汲取国外的经验与教训,加强对旅游水环境的研究与保护,将是我国旅游可持续发展和研究的重要内容与重要领域。

Since the appeal 'the water will cause serious social crisis' in the first human environment meeting of the United Nations in 1972, international society has paid attention to water environment. The surface and underground water has broadly been used in tourism industry. With the development of tourism, it is obvious that tourism has serious impact on water environment. Water environment includes water pollution and water supply scarcity, which has become one of the main obstacles to sustainable tourism development. The authors provided a re-view of oversea studies of tourism impact on water environment. Four important aspects of oversea papers have been described in the following. Section one expounds the main study methods and regions. Problems of water environment are very serious in these regions. The mutual impact between water pollution and tourism has been summarized in section two. We find that tourism development produces many problems of water pollution, and polluted water damages tourism, which results in vicious cycle. The aim of the third section is to analyze the main impacts on e quilibrium between water supply and tourism demand. The conclusion is that water demand is not the same in different tourism facilities and regions. The last section offers some measures about policy, technology, economy and education. Then implement results on water environment management are explained. The driving forces for implementing water environment management are extra control, economic factor and ethic factor. Water environment management is most effectively implemented where all three driving forces play an important part. Economic factor is the direct means and ethic is the long-term measure. In China, water management has been placed on the agenda. Tourism water environment will become one of the main domains in sustainable tourism development in the future. So, the authors hope that the review contributes to water environment study and protection for scholars, governments and industrialists at home.