知识的特征及将其纳入生产函数的方法

Characteristics of Knowledge and the Way Introducing It to Production Function

与传统要素相比,知识具有非竞争性、非排他性、异质性和互补性,这些特性使得知识能够突破传统要素的收益递减,带来收益递增的经济增长。在新古典主义的生产函数框架下,由于对资本和劳动要素的划分本身已包含着知识,所以再将知识变量加入生产函数当中会出现逻辑上的“重复进入”。为避免这一问题,我们可以从系统论的角度对要素进行物质、能量和信息的划分,从而在理论上实现将知识变量分离出来的目的,在此基础上将其引入生产函数,从而更好地体现知识的动态特征。

Compared with traditional production factors, knowledge is non-rival and non-excludable. It also carries the characteristics of productivity, heterogeneity, locality and complement, which enables increasing returns. Such traditional factors as capital and labor both incorporate knowledge as their component. The method of adding knowledge directly in the new-classical production function inevitably leads to re-computation and illogicality. From the systems perspective, economic systems are composed of physical element, energy and information, and information is just the element from which we can extract knowledge. By this way knowledge can be theoretically comprised in the production function framework. It also shows the dynamic characteristics of knowledge.