不同种类解磷微生物的溶磷效果及其磷酸酶活性的变化

COMPARISON IN P-SOLUBILIZING EFFECTS BETWEEN DIFFERENT P-SOLUBILIZINGMICROBES AND VARIATION OF ACTIVITIES OF THEIR PHOSPHATASES

比较了不同种类的微生物菌株对不同种类难溶性磷酸盐及磷矿粉的溶解能力。结果发现,细菌、酵母、霉菌在解磷方面均有一定作用,发挥着不同优势。磷酸钙、磷酸铝、磷酸铁等难溶性磷酸盐容易被酵母菌、霉菌溶解,而磷矿粉容易被巨大芽孢杆菌溶解,显示不同微生物与不同磷源的亲和溶解能力不同。不同种类磷酸盐或磷矿粉对微生物磷酸酶活力的影响不同。

Different P solubilizing microbes can live in media containing different phosphorous sources. The author compared four strains, namely P17, Y3, F4, and P10, in phosphorus dissolving mechanism and phosphorus solubilizing ability. Results show that bacteria, fungus, and yeast play important roles in phosphorus solubilization. Such artificial phosphates as aluminum phosphate, iron phosphate, calcium phosphates can be dissolved by yeast and mildew easily. Strain Phosphobacteria P17 (Bacillus megaterium) could dissolve phosphorus from phosphate rock powder from Huangmailing of Hubei Province easily; while yeast Y3 could improve solubility of calcium phosphate the most significantly among the four strains examined. They demonstrated different predominance in solubilizing phosphorus. The results also show that different strains of P dissolving microbes can accelerate solubilization of phosphorus to a varying extent, which reveals that different chemical bonds have different effects on solubilization of phsphates and phosphate rock powder varied in solubility. Acids, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase have synergic effects on phosphate dissolution. Phosphatase could utilize substrates containing such organic phosphates as calcium phosphate, and Strain phospobacteria P10 produced the highest phosphatase activity among the four strains. Activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase vary with P solubilizing microbes. When growing in medium containing NH 4H 2PO 4, and KH 2PO 4 as phosphorus sources, activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase with Strain phosphobacteria P17, Strain phosphobacteria P10, Strain yeast Y3, and mildew F4 were low. Activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were high in medium containing such hard to dissolve phosphates as calcium phosphate, aluminium phosphate, iron phosphate. The results show that in conditions short of phosphorus, acid, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase help phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms dissolve phosphorus more easily.