论徐光启的重农思想及其实践——兼论《农政全书》的科学地位

On Xu guangqi's Thoughts and Practice of Advocating Agriculture——also about the place of Nongzheng Quanshu in science

徐光启是我国明代晚期杰出的农业科学家。他撰写的《农政全书》集我国古代农业科学之大成,是我国不可多得的古代农业专著。徐光启的重农思想,一是“富国必以本业”,二是“水利者,农之本也”,三是备荒救荒应“预弭为上,有备为中,赈济为下”。徐光启崇尚实践,他通过调查、访问、观察、实验,把古代农业科技提到新的科学高度。徐光启的重农思想至今仍有重要的借鉴意义。

Xuguanqi was an outstanding agricultural scientist in late Ming Dynasty. His NongzhengQuanshu includes many agriculture study fruits of acient China. It is a special works of acient agriculture which survives today and occupys an important place in the Chinese agriculture development history. There are plenty of China's traditional thoughts of advocating agriculture in this book. The first is “Making the country rich must rely on agriculture”,the second is “irregation works was the essential of agriculture”,and the third is,to reserve and save for shortage,“prevention was the most important,reservation was second,last was save.”Xu guangqi prefered to practice.he raised our acient agriculture technology to a new height by investigation,visit,observation and experiments.So his thoughts can still direct us how to treat peasants and acknowledge the place of agriculture.