花药组织培养和小麦×玉米杂交技术应用于产生小麦单倍体的比较研究

PRODUCTION OF WHEAT HAPLOIDS USING ANTHER CULTURE AND WHEAT×MAIZE HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUE

两个春小麦品种意塔和帕旺的花药组织培养和小麦×玉米杂交技术产生单倍体的效果不同。不同基因型花药诱导愈伤组织的诱导率从 9 4%到 1 9 7%不等 ,不同基因型所产生的再生株数量亦不同 ,两个小麦品种都有绿苗和白化苗产生 ,绿苗诱导率自 1 3%到 5 0 %。分别利用小麦×玉米杂交技术能有效诱导两个春小麦品种单倍体 ,杂交结实率为 80 2 %～95 1 % ,但只有 1 0 9%～ 1 4 6%的籽粒含有幼胚 ,其中 95 %以上的幼胚可发育成绿苗。每 1 0 0个杂交小花中平均可生成 1 0 5个到 1 4 0个绿苗 ,不产生白化苗 ,染色体亦不自然加倍。

Two spring wheat varieties,“Eta' and “Pavon', differed significantly in their response to anther culture and wheat × maize hybridization techniques for the production of haploids. Depending on the genotype, the frequency of embryo induction from cultured anthers ranged from 9.4 to 19.7 per 100 anthers. Plant regeneration from cultured embryos also varied with the genotype. Two spring wheat varieties produced both green and albino plantlets. The frequency of green plants produced per 100 cultured anthers ranged from 1.3 to 5.0. The wheat × maize hybridization technique was highly effective in producing haploids in two spring wheat varieties, although the frequency varied with genotype. The percentage of seed set ranged from 80.2 to 95.1, but only 10.9% and 14.6% of seeds contained embryos. About 95% of the cultured embryos developed into green plants. About 100 florets pollinated produced 10.5 and 14.0 plants separately. There was no evidence of albinism or spontaneous chromosome doubling.=