经济学理性假设的现实基础——一种实验主义的解释

Economic Rationalist Assumption: the Realistic Foundation

"经济学理性假设"以及由该假设所演绎推理出来的理性选择理论,始终是当代主流经济学的核心。但是,人们对"理性假设"的现实性却一直持怀疑和批评的态度。近年来,以行为经济学和实验经济学为代表的一些新兴经济学科,从实证和科学实验的角度,对行为人自身特性的假设、决策环境的假设、行为的追求目标,甚至理性假设的个人主义方法论基础等,都提出了具有颠覆性意义的挑战,其中的一些研究结论对目前主流经济学的许多理论产生了重大影响。

Though under constant suspicion and criticism, economic rationalist assumption and the rational choice approach stemming from it has always been the core of the contemporary mainline economics. Recent empirical and experimental researches by some emerging schools of study, like behavioralism and experimentalism, are toppling the individualist methodological foundation of various assumptions ranging from individualism, decision environment, behavior pursuit, as well as rationalism. Some of their studies have exerted profound effect on the current mainline economic theories.