包头市城市绿地现状评价

Assessment of current status of the urban forest in Baotou City.

该文以包头市东河区、青山区、昆都仑区、九原区、开发区等 5个城区中的公园、行道、游园、小区、厂区和防护带等景观类型为调查对象 ,利用植物物种数、丰富度、多样性指数、重要值等指标对包头市城市绿地植物群落进行调查 ,并用层次分析法对各城区中物种丰富度、多样性指数、地被植物比例、季相数、绿地率和自然度等指标进行评价 .结果表明 :包头市城市绿地采用的树种较单一 ,全市共有 81个绿化树种 ,有 1 0个常用树种占到包头市树种总量的 85 %;90 %的景观群落所包括的树种为 2～ 8种 ;群落结构较简单 ,87%的群落层片结构只有 2～ 3层 ;对乡土树种开发较少 ,占全部绿化树种的 4 1 %,引进树种较多 ,占全部绿化树种的 5 9%;在生态型和生活型方面主要以中生落叶乔木为主 ,占 6 2 %,在管护和适应性方面都表现出与包头市干旱城市的不协调性和不合理性 .因此 ,在今后城市绿化树种增加种类时应考虑绿化在城市空间的多样性 ,如增加层片和季相 ,加强地被植物和藤本植物的应用 ,使包头市绿化景观向着自然性、空间结构多样性、物种多样性、季相景观多样性和文化寓意多样性等方向发展 .

The trees and tree communities were investigated in parks, streets, gardens, living districts, factory areas, and the buffer zone in the five districts of Bautou City, Inner Mongolia, north China. The authors surveyed the current status of the tree communities of urban green areas in Bautou and analyzed the values of the following indexes: species, species richness, biodiversity, the proportion of covering plants, the number of seasonal sceneries and the ratio of green area and natural degree. The results show that the species are too limited, the composition of the tree communities is too simple and the native trees used in this city are too limited in variety. There are altogether 81 species of trees used for greening work, among which 10 species are commonly used. About 85% of the total amount of the trees in Baotou City belong to these 10 species. Of the landscape communities 90% are made up of 2 to 8 species. The structure of the community is simple and the layer structure of 87% of the communities has only 2 or 3 layers. Native trees make up only 41% of the greening trees, which is not enough, the others are all imported from other areas. As a result, trees are not harmony with the city of Bautou given its location in a dry area. Its living pattern and ecological pattern are mainly made up of middle-living deciduous trees (62% of the total). In the future, whenever greening work is done, not only the number of tree species should be reconsidered, but also the diversity of urban space. For example: increasing the layer and seasonal scenery and emphasizing the utility and development of native trees.