少数民族人口的流动迁徙及其历史作用

The Shift and Migration of the Minority Population and its Historical Effects

我国境内的人口流动和民族迁徙,自秦汉以来便以汉族呈放射状向周边地区逐步蔓延扩散和少数民族呈向心状往靠内地区迁徙流动的总体趋势。延至当代,20世纪70年代末改革开放前,主要是以汉族为主体的各类内地人员前往边疆民族地区"支边",以后是风起云涌的全国性人口流动大潮,其中既有少数民族流往内地,又有内地汉族流往边疆民族地区。历史上和现阶段少数民族人口的流动与迁徙,对于中华民族的发展壮大、我国民族分布"大杂居,小聚居"整体格局的形成,以及边疆民族地区的开发和建设,都具有重要的历史作用和社会功能。

Since the Qin and the Han Dynasty, the shift and migration of the minority population in China has shown such a tendency that the Hans have moved in a radiate form to the neighboring regions while the minority nationalities have converged towards the interior. Before the 1970s', the main trend was the Hans' migration from the interior to the border and minority areas to 'help' their development. Since then, there has emerged the nation-wide shift and migration of the population with some minorities moving to the interior and the Hans moving to the border and minority areas. The shift and migration of the minority population has great historical and social significance to the development of the Chinese nation, the formation of the living pattern of 'one nationality living compactly in a small community but mixedly in a large area' and the development of the border and minority areas.