不同类型机动车尾气挥发性有机化合物排放特征研究

Study on emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the exhaust of different types of vehicles

机动车尾气主要成分包括一氧化碳、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物、铅及苯并 [a]芘等。其中 ,挥发性有机化合物由于其对光化学烟雾的贡献及对人体健康的影响而成为近年来大气化学研究的热点。文章首次对北京市 9种车辆、5种燃料在不同工况下排放挥发性有机化合物特征进行了定量研究。结果表明 ,车型、燃料、净化器及工况等因素对排放量产生影响 ,电喷车比化油器车排放低 ,其中 ,夏利比富康与奥迪排放量高 ;LPG与汽油车排放量最高 ,柴油车与CNG车排放最低。其中 ,-1 0 # 柴油车比 0 # 柴油车排放更低 ;使用净化器可以降低挥发性有机化合物排放量 ;不同工况对排放量的影响随车型、燃料类型的不同而不同。因此 ,使用清洁燃料、安装净化器和使用电喷装置 。

The main components of vehicle exhaust include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, Iead and benzo(a)pyrene. In which, volatile organic compounds has become hotspot in the research of atmospheric chemistry recently because of its contribution to the photochemical smog and its effect on human health. Aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the largest carcinogens. In this paper, quantitative study on volatile organic compounds in the exhaust of nine kinds of vehicles and five kinds of fuels under different working conditions in Beijing city has been carried out for the first time. It shows that type of vehicle, fuel, purifier and working conditions can affect its emission amount. The emission of vehicles with electronic sprayer engine is lower than that of vehicles with carburetor engine, the emission of Xiali is higher than that of Fukang and Ao'di; The emission of vehicles using LPG and gasoline is the highest, and the emission of vehicles using diesel and CNG is the lowest, in which the emission of vehicles using -10~# diesel is lower than that of the vehicles using 0~# diesel; Using purifier can lower the emission amount of volatile organic compounds; The effect on emission amount under different working conditions is different with the change of type of vehicles and type of fuels. Therefore, using clean fuel, installing purifier and using electronic sprayer engine can reduce the content of volatile organic compounds in the exhaust.