聚合物基阻尼材料研究进展

Research progress in polymer based damping materials

阻尼材料广泛应用于交通工具、产业机械、建筑土木、家用电器、精密仪器和军事装备等领域的减振降噪.聚合物是一类传统的阻尼材料,当其受到外部交变应力时,通过高分子链内部或链之间的内摩擦将机械能转化为热能而消耗,从而达到减振降噪的目的.阐述了聚合物材料的阻尼机理与阻尼结构,介绍了几种常用的阻尼改性方法,综述了国内外互穿网络(IPN)结构、导电压电型阻尼、有机杂化等新型聚合物基阻尼材料的研究现状,并展望了聚合物基阻尼材料研究的发展趋势和前景.

Damping materials are extensively used in various fields such as vehicles, industrial machines, construct and buildings, home appliances, precise instruments, military equipments and so on. A polymer is one kind of traditional damping materials. When a polymer is offered by an alternating stress, both the intermolecular and intramolecular internal frictions transform a mechanical energy into a heat energy, in turn reduce vibration and noise. Damping mechanism, damping structure and several used modification approaches for polymeric damping materials are introduced in this article. Recent researches on new types of damping materials such as interpenetrating network (IPN) structure, conductive-piezoelectric damping and organic hybrids are reviewed. The development trend and prospect of polymeric damping materials are investigated.