泉州市2003年多起麻疹爆发流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological Investigation Analysis on Multitude Measles Outbreaks in Quanzhou in 2003

目的 通过分析麻疹爆发流行病学特征及发生原因 ,指导麻疹防制工作 ,加速控制麻疹进程。方法 对爆发调查和疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析 ,采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)捕捉法检测麻疹IgM、IgG抗体 ,应用SPSS统计软件统计分析。结果 在 5个县 (市、区 )发生 1 0起麻疹爆发 ,爆发分学校 (幼儿园 )型、城镇工业区型、农村散居型 ,学校 (幼儿园 )型占 71. 6 %;主要集中在 5～ 6月 ;本地儿童占 6 8.1 %,流动儿童占 3 1 9%;4～ 9岁占73. 6 %;有麻疹疫苗 (MV)接种史的占 4 1.7%;多数病例有典型的临床症状 ;有 7起爆发经实验室确诊。对 6 4 9名 1～ 1 5岁健康人群进行麻疹IgG抗体监测 ,各年龄组抗体阳性率均 >85 %,几何平均滴度 (GMT)均 >1 :80 0。实施MV应急接种或查漏补种 ,疫情很快得到有效控制。结论 麻疹爆发是影响泉州市麻疹疫情的主要因素 ,流动儿童麻疹爆发在麻疹爆发中具有重要意义 。

Objective The epidemic characteristics and reasons of measles outbreaks were analysed to direct the control and prevention of measles and accelerate measles control. Methods The outbreak investigation and data of epdemic situation were described and analysed,and the IgM,IgG antibodies of measles were tested by enzyme-linked immuniosorbent assay(ELISA) with catch method, then used SPSS to statistic and analysis. Results 10 measles outbreaks has occurred in 5 counties (city or borough),including the type of school (kindergarden),town industrial estate and country live scattered,and the school type was in the majority with 71.6%.Most measles cases concentrated between May and June. Local children acounted for 68.1% but floating children took up 31.9%.4-9 years old was in the majority with 73.6%.And 41.7% had inoculation. Most cases had typical clinical symptom.Of these outbreaks,7 were confirmed by laboratory test.From the survillance of IgG antibodies levels of measles for 649 healthy persons with 1-15 years old,we can see that the electropositive rate of each age group all exceeded 85%,and GMT was beyond 1:800.The epdemic situation had been controlled effectively after lash-up and complemented inoculation. Conclusion Measles outbreaks were the main factor to affect measles epidemic of our city,and floating children outbreaks has important meaning. So the prevention and control measles outbreaks has been being the main task to accelerate measles control at present.