两个不同生态特征蝗区东亚飞蝗的两种代谢酶(英文)

Two metabolic enzymes of oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria mani-(lensis) (Meyen), from two locust areas with different ecological characteristics

黄骅和平山是中国河北省两个不同的蝗区 ,这两个蝗区的生态特征有很大的不同。黄骅位于河北平原 ,靠近渤海湾 ,属于滨海蝗区 ,蝗区植被以芦苇为主 ,是我国东亚飞蝗重点防治地区 ;平山位于河北和山西交界处 ,仍属于山区 ,蝗区位于岗南水库库区 ,属于滨湖蝗区 ,植被以稗草为主 ,并兼有玉米、豆类等农作物 ,为了保护岗南水库水质不受污染 ,该蝗区很少进行防治。对采自这两个蝗区东亚飞蝗的两种代谢酶 :酯酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶进行了比较研究。用对氧磷、马拉氧磷、西维因及毒扁豆碱等 4种抑制剂对这两个种群飞蝗的酯酶进行体外抑制实验 ,结果表明 ,这两个种群的大部分酯酶属于 B-型。在雌性飞蝗中 ,用α- NA,α- NB和 β- NA3种酯酶底物测定酯酶活性 ,黄骅种群比平山种群的酯酶活性分别高 1.6 3、1.6 6和 1.70倍 ,雄性中则分别高 1.12、1.4 1和 1.2 7倍。对两个种群酯酶活性频率分布进行比较 ,黄骅种群中酯酶活性高的个体数远大于平山种群。两个种群酶活性的差异与马拉硫磷半致死剂量 (L D50 )的差异很相近 ,这提示酯酶活性的提高在东亚飞蝗对马拉硫磷的抗性中起一定的作用。酯酶活性频率分布显示出东亚飞蝗黄骅种群比平山种群具有较高的马拉硫磷抗性发展趋势 ,其抗性发展速度较平山种群快。然而 ,黄骅种?

Huanghua and Pingshan are two different locust swarming areas in Hebei, China. Huanghua is sea-coast locust area and Pingshan is lake-shored area. Huanghua is a plain in Hebei province close to Bohai bay, where Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) feeds on Phragmites communis (Trin). Frequent massive outbreaks of Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) in Huanghua make it an important area of locust pest control in China. Pingshan is a mountainous area, and collection place is verge of Gangnan reservoir. Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) feed on Echinochloa crusgaii (L.) Beauv and other crops like corn and legume in Pingshan, and chemicals have been rarely used for locust control for water source protection. General esterases and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), collected from the two localities were compared. Inhibition studies of the esterases using four inhibitors (i. e., paraoxon, malaoxon, eserine, and carbaryl) indicated that most of general esterases in the two populations were B-type. Using α-NA, α-NB and β-NA as substrates, the activities of esterases were found 1.63-, 1.66-, and 1.70-fold higher for females from Huanghua population and 1.12-, 1.41-, and 1.27-fold higher for males from Huanghua population than those from Pingshan population. Meanwhile Huanghua population had more individuals with high esterase activity than Pingshan population. The difference of LD_(50) value for malathion between the two populations was consistent with the difference of esterase activities, suggesting that general esterases contributed to the malathion resistance of the two populations. The spectrum of esterase activities suggested that Huanghua population had higher potential resistance level than Pingshan population. However, the GST activity of Huanghua population was lower than that of Pingshan population. We suggested that GST activity was not responsible for the malathion resistance of Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen).