森林生态系统健康与野生动植物资源的可持续利用

Forest ecosystem health and sustainable utilization of wild fauna and flora resources

研究了森林生态系统健康与野生动植物资源之间的关系 ,以及人类活动对森林生态系统健康的影响 ,提出了以下三个论点 :(1)野生动植物资源是构成森林生态系统的基本物质内容。野生动植物资源对森林生态系统具有不可估量的影响和作用。(2 )野生动植物资源的减少是森林生态系统健康状况下降的“显示器”。森林生态系统健康状况的下降或衰退 ,会导致野生动植物资源数量或种类的减少甚至种群灭绝。 (3)森林生态系统是野生动植物资源与人类活动关系的集合体和反映体。人类与野生动植物资源是对立又统一的矛盾综合体 ,而森林生态系统健康与否就取决于这二者的关系。如果人类对野生动植物资源在保护的基础上进行合理的利用 ,就能保证森林生态系统的结构的完整和功能的良好 ,因此森林生态系统处于健康的状态 ;但若人类对野生动植物资源过度利用而不加保护 ,那么随着野生动植物资源的逐渐衰竭 ,森林生态系统将逐渐失去某些功能且变得支离破碎 ,也就无法保持健康的状态。提出了维持森林生态系统健康并实现野生动植物资源可持续利用的解决途径 :(1)实行森林的可持续经营。森林可持续经营是指长期保持森林的生产力和可再生性 ,以及森林生态系统的物种和生物多样性。(2 )发展“接近自然的林业”。近自然林业是在服从自?

Forest ecosystem health is a new theory on forest ecosystem management in recent years. The word `health' was first used in medical science, and now used by the ecologists and scientists in environment for reference. Then the conception of forest ecosystem health was put forward. Many scientists and experts domestic and abroad, have spent much time working on the definitions, tests, evaluations, and management of this new theory, and now, forest ecosystem health has became the criterion and goal of forest condition evaluation and forest resource management. This paper firstly introduces the definitions, constitutes and functions of forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem is a dynamic system, composed of biome (including plants, animals and microorganism) and environment (including light, temperature, moisture, air, soil and so on). It is of great significance to all mankind. Through luminous energy it is able to create a great amount of energy and organic substance, and it is able to adjust atmospheres, retain water resources, improve soil, prevent hurricanes, and as well as protect plants and animals diversity etc. Secondly, this paper summarizes the definitions and characteristics of forest ecosystem health. There are some disputations over the definitions, which are advanced at three different angles: Objective-oriented approach, ecosystem-oriented approach, and integrated approach. On the basis of summing up three definitions and different understandings of the domestic and abroad scientists, forest ecosystem health is thought to be that while meeting the needs of human, forest ecosystem can not only ensure normal ecosystem service functions,but also maintain the energy and condition of developing itself. As for its characteristics, it has the ability of protecting itself from the ecosystem distress syndrome, resistance and recovery from disasters. Last but not least, this paper emphasizes on the relationship between the forest ecosystem health and the wild fauna and flora resources, and the influences from the peoples. To sum up, the main ideas put forward are as follows: (1) The wild fauna and flora resources are the basic substance of the forest ecosystem. The wild fauna and flora resources have incalculable influences to the forest ecosystem. (2) The reduction of the wild fauna and flora resources reflects the deterioration of forest ecosystem health condition. The decline of forest ecosystem health condition would cause the reduction of wild fauna and flora resources' quantity or species, or even the extermination of species. (3) The forest ecosystems are the congregation and reflection of the wild fauna and flora resources and the human interaction. Human and wild fauna and flora resources are contradictory synthesis which are opposite but united, and the relation between them determinates that the forest ecosystem is health or not. If human can make reasonable use of wild fauna and flora resources on the basis of protection, forest ecosystem would maintain integrated composition and benign function, and then forest ecosystem would keep health condition. But if human makes inordinate use of the wild fauna and flora resources without protection, the forest ecosystem would gradually loss some functions and become disconnected, and would not keep health condition with the reduction of the wild fauna and flora resources. In the end, this paper brings forward two ways of how to keep forest ecosystems healthy, developing in a positive direction, and how to take advantage of wild fauna and flora resources in a sustainable manner. (1) To bring sustainable forest management into effect. Sustainable forest management means to maintain not only forest prolificacy and renewability but also forest ecosystem biodiversity in the long-term. (2) To develop the proximately natural forestry. The proximately natural forestry is a kind of forest model, allowing a little deviation from nature, designed at the goal of human's applying lumber and forest products, at the premises of obeying the natural orderliness, and also is a kin