人与自然“深层”关系辨析——从深层生态学出发谈人与自然的本真关系

ANALYSIS OF “DEEP” RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE

生态危机的发生使人与自然的关系问题凸显。人们纷纷著书立说探讨如何建构人与自 然的关系,以求摆正人在宇宙中的位置。在这些研究中,深层生态学之人与自然“深层”关系说独 具一格,并对整个生态保护运动产生了重要影响。然而深层生态学并未真正达到其所说“深层”程 度,它依然存在着将人还原为自然存在物的倾向。自然和自然界是两个不同概念,古希腊人将自然 看作是涌现和本性,现代人把自然视为自然界和自然物。这种转变表明人对自然的态度和行为发 生了根本性改变。人之为人只能与自然融为一体而不能与自然界融合统一。人与自然的“深层” 关系应该是人与自然的内在一致,是使人能够从中生成为人的关系。

The occurrence of ecology crises makes the relationship between man and nature outstanding. A lot of works and articles have been written to explore the question of how to reconstruct the relationship between man and nature, so that man can be put in an appropriate place in the universe. Among those theories is the unparalleled theory of “deep level” relationship between man and nature or deep ecology. This theory has exerted great influence on the whole movement of ecology protection. However, deep ecology does not achieve “depth” as it claims as the goal of the movement. It still has the problem of a tendency to reduce man to a being of nature. nature and natural world are two different concepts. Ancient Greeks regarded “nature” as appearance and the nature. Today people treat nature as natural world and natural things. This transition has shown that man's attitude toward nature and man's behavior have changed radically. Man as a man can only unite into one with nature but not with natural world. The “deep” relationship between man and nature should be the intrinsic agreement between man and nature, out of which man can become man.