从布迪厄实践理论看人类学田野工作

A Reflection on Anthropological Fieldwork in the Light of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice

布迪厄在批判客观主义和主观主义知识生产模式的过程中,为了达到科学的知识生产,创立了实践理论。实践理论通过惯习、场域、策略等概念超越了主客观的对立,发现了实践活动生产的逻辑。关注与理论逻辑完全不同的实践逻辑,对我们把握科学的实践具有方法论意义。实践理论中的“反思”在确立与研究对象之间的科学关系方面,成为指引人类学田野工作的强有力的方法论工具。

In the process of criticizing the pitfalls of the knowledge models of objectivism and subjectivism, Pierre Bourdieu created the Theory of Practice with the purpose of producing scientific knowledge. This Theory transcends the subjective and objective antinomy through the development and application of such concepts as habitus, field and strategy, and so on, resulting in discovering the logic of practice production. Focusing on the logic of practice perfectly different from the logic of theory will be much significant in terms of methodology for us to understand scientific practice. The 'reflection' in the Theory of Practice can be used as a forceful methodological guide in anthropological fieldwork in the respect of identifying the scientific relationship between fieldworkers and research objects.