论元结构:认知模型向句法结构投射的中介

Argument Structure: A Medium in the Projection from Cognitive Models onto Syntactic Structure

论元结构是沟通认知与句法结构的桥梁,是语义和句法的接口。句法结构是认知模型中的概念结构通过语义论元结构向句法结构一层层投射的结果。认知模型框架内形成的范畴关系结构概念化而形成概念结构,其结构关系由关系概念支配,投射到意义形成语义论元结构;语义论元结构受概念结构制约,并由谓词调整和分派论元数目和角色,再投射到句法形成句法论元结构;句法论元结构受语义论元结构和注意突显度的双重制约,语义论元结构决定句法论元的数目,注意突显度决定谓词框架的选择并进而决定论元的语法功能和论元的隐现。

The argument structure is a bridge between cognition and syntactic structure and the interface between semantics and syntax. The syntactic structure is the result of the projection from the concept structure within the cognitive model onto syntactic construction through the semantic argument structure. The category relation structure in a cognitive model forms, when conceptualized, the concept structure which is determined by the concept of relation and projects onto the semantic level to form the semantic argument structure; the predicate designates the number and the roles of the semantic argument structure which is dominated by the concept structure and in turn projects onto the syntactic structure; the syntactic argument structure is determined both by the semantic argument structure and by the degree of prominence in attention, and the former assigns the number of argument while the latter determines the choice of the predicate frame and grammatical functions of the arguments and their appearance in expression.