藏药川西獐牙菜的引种栽培研究

Introduction and Cultivation of Swertia mussotii Franch., a Famous Tibetan Medicine

川西獐牙菜 (SwertiamussotiiFranch .)是一种用于治疗黄疸型肝胆疾病和病毒性肝炎的珍稀藏药草本植物。引种栽培试验结果表明 :在青海高原自然环境条件下 ,川西獐牙菜为 2年生草本植物 ,完成植物生长发育约需 10～ 12个月 ;植物种子在自然状态下萌发率较低 ,经低温处理后可明显提高萌发率 ;栽培川西獐牙菜的植株高度、分枝数量、单株生物量等生长指标明显高于野生植株 ,其有效化学成分可达到野生状态水平 ,说明野生川西獐牙菜的人工栽培是可行的。

Swertia mussotii Franch.,belonging to Swertia (Gentianaceae),is a rare wild plant in the plateau and also a common Tibetan medicine, which can be used to treat jaundice disease and virus hepatitis. The experiment in the introduction and cultivation showed that under the natural environment conditions of Qinghai Plateau,Swertia mussotii Franch. was a biennial herb and the growth period was about 10～12 months. Although the seed germination capacity was very low under the natural conditions, the germination capacity can be evidently increased after the treatment of the seeds with the low temperature. In addition, the growth indexes of Swertia mussotii cultivated, such as the height, the branch number and the simple plant biomass and so on, were obviously much higher than those of the wild one. And the efficient chemical constituents under the cultivation were very similar to the wild one. Therefore,it is feasible for Swertia mussotii to be cultivated into a domestic species.