寒区指战员战时冻伤救护对策

Countermeasures to prevent and rescue commanders and fighters with cold injury in the cold region during wartime

目的探讨寒区指战员战时冻伤发生的常见原因、特点及其救护原则,为提高其救治水平提供参考。方法调查东北战区7所部队医院近30年收治的443例冻伤指战员病例资料。结果⑴冻伤程度:Ⅰ度2.3%,Ⅱ度19.4%,Ⅲ度56.9%,Ⅳ度21.4%;⑵冻伤部位:以面部、头部居多,四肢冻伤以肢体远端为多。⑶后遗症:伤残占1.7%。寒区指战员战时发生冻伤的常见原因主要包括:衣着单薄;肢体活动受限;对寒冷的敏感性高等。结论对于寒区的作战部队,早期进行必要的防护冻伤知识宣教,加强防护意识;按保暖原则合理着装;给予合理的膳食营养保证健康的机体:都可以大大减少冻伤的发生。而依据冻伤的分类救治原则实施救治,将明显改善冻伤的预后,降低伤残后遗症的发生率,有助于提升寒区部队的战斗力。

Objective To investigate the ordinary factors and characteristics of the cold injury in cold region, find the principle of prevention and rescue, and supply references in order to improve rescue level. Methods The case data of 443 military patients were investigated, who were treated in 7 military hospitals of Northeast military region during recent thirty years. Results (1) Degree of cold injury: I° 2.3%, Ⅱ° 19.4%, Ⅲ° 56.9%, Ⅳ° 21.4%; (2) lesion area: the cold injury mostly occurred at the face and head, and the injury on limbs were mostly located at the distant area of the body. (3)sequela: the rate of disability took up 1.7%. The ordinary factors of the cold injury in cold region consisted of thin and weak dressing, limitation of body activity, higher sensibility to cold and so on. Conclusion For troops in the cold region, necessary and early health education about prevention cold injury, enhancing the consciousness of prevention, dressing reasonably according to warm principle, and giving the appropriate diet and nutrition to guarantee healthy bodies can reduce the occurrence of the cold injury greatly. Meanwhile, rescue according to the classification principle will improve the prognosis evidently, reduce the incidence of invalid sequela, and be beneficial of the elevation of battle effectiveness.