华南双季超级稻产量构成模式探讨

Component Patterns of Double Cropping Super Rice in South China

20 0 1年晚季和2 0 0 2年早季在广州对6个超级稻品种进行比较试验,2 0 0 1- 2 0 0 3年对5个超级稻品种在广东省东、中、西部不同生态区早季或晚季进行生产试验;通过分析考察其产量和产量构成因素,提出华南双季超级稻“优质大穗”和“优质穗粒兼顾”两种产量构成模式共4种类型。(1)早季基本型———有效穗2 70 . 0万穗·hm-2 ,每穗实粒170 .0～180 .0粒,千粒重2 4 .0～2 5 .0g ,单穗重4 . 0～4 .5g ,产量潜力12 . 0t·hm-2 ;(2 )晚季基本型———有效穗30 0 . 0万穗·hm-2 ,每穗实粒16 0 0粒,千粒重2 5 . 0g ,单穗重4 . 0g ,产量潜力12 .0t·hm-2 ;(3)早季中熟型———有效穗330 . 0万穗·hm-2 ,每穗实粒14 0 . 0～15 0 . 0粒,千粒重2 4. 0g ,单穗重3 5g,产量潜力11 .9t·hm-2 ;(4)晚季早熟型———有效穗370 . 0万穗·hm-2 ,每穗实粒12 5. 0粒,千粒重2 4 . 0g ,单穗重3 .0g ,产量潜力11. 1t·hm-2 。并根据不同类型品种的特点分别提出了育种上的主攻目标。

Comparative experiments of 6 super rice cultivars and combinations were conducted in year 2001 early crop and 2002 late crop, and demonstration tests of 5 super rice cultivars and combinations planted in eastern, western and center regions of Guangdong Province were also carried out from 2001 to 2003. Relevant studies on those experiments showed that four types of super rice by double cropping were proposed based on the two yield component patterns, high quality with big heavy panicle pattern and high quality with big panicle and numerous grain pattern: (1) Basic early-crop type—2.7 millions of panicles per hectare, 170-180 grains per panicle, 24-25 g of 1 000-grain weight, 4 g of single panicle weight and potential yielding capacity of 12 tons per hectare; (2) Late-crop basic type—3.0 millions of panicles per hectare, 160 grains per panicle, 25 g of 1 000-grain weight, 4 g of single panicle weight and potential yielding capacity of 12 tons per hectare; (3) Early-crop medium maturity type—3.3 millions of panicles per hectare, 140-150 grains per panicle, 24 g of 1 000-grain weight, 3.5 g of single panicle weight and potential yielding capacity of 11.9 tons per hectare; (4) Late-crop early maturity type—3.7 millions of panicles per hectare, 125 grains per panicle, 24 g of 1 000-grain weight, 3 g of single panicle weight and potential yielding capacity of 11.1 tons per hectare. Main breeding targets based on different types were discussed also.