中国古代文明过程考察的不同角度及其相关问题

Different Angles and Relevant Issues to Observe the Process of China’s Ancient Civilization

古代文明的起源应当从它的发展过程来把握。通过考古学来考察文明过程有四个角度:建立各地的考古学文化时空框架; 复原考古学文化的社会结构; 进行农业、手工业、聚落、墓地等方面的专题研究; 寻找文明因素之间内在的联系及其发展规律。两河流域文明过程的研究受到世界考古学界关注, 在聚落等级的建立、手工业专门化和劳动分工的程度等方面已经可以从考古学的研究上升到历史学和社会学的研究。对两河流域文明过程的后两个角度的研究成果启示我们, 中国古代文明过程考察还有很多考古发现上的空白, 研究还缺乏系统性。在方法论方面, 需要建立符合中国特色的考古资料与社会参数之间的联系。

To understand the beginning of the ancient civilization, it is important to view it from its process. There are four aspects from the angle of archaeology to observe the process. Those are:to set up archaeological cultural frame work at different places, to restore archaeological cultural social structure, to carry on the specific researches in agriculture, handicraft, gathering and tombs, and, to search for the inherent links among the elements of civilization and its logic of development. The research of the civilization process along the two major rivers has drawn attention in the world archaeology cycle, and some aspects of the research have also the characters of historical research and sociological research. Anyhow, the research of the civilization along the two rivers has also some drawbacks, there are some features have not been found out yet, and the research has the problem of unsystematic. There are problems in methodology too, such as, the connection of archaeology and social reference with Chinese character is needed to find out.